Tony is the former Chairman of the IEEE; Past President of the IEEE Power Engineering Society; Chairman CISA/ISACA New England; and former President, CEO and Chairman of two venture capital-backed global technology companies.
6.
The AMR system allows meters to be read by utility personnel over wireless links.
The central control station is provided with the system-wide data from all the generators and substations every few seconds. The ambitious objectives of Smart Grid, when combined with some early warning signs from those whove embarked on the journey, indicate that the role and complexity of IT is being grossly under-estimated, and that IT is going to play a more prominent, if not dominant, role in making Smart Grid a reality.
P.S.R. Shubhani Aggarwal, Neeraj Kumar, in Advances in Computers, 2021. Automatic meter infrastructure.
India is fast progressing in developing smart grids to be integrated later into a giant smart network. Typically, HANs need to cover areas of up to 200m2 and support from 10 to 100 kilobits per second (kbps) [85]. Wireless technologies are critical elements of the Neighborhood Area Network (NAN), aggregating a mesh configuration of up to thousands of meters for back haul to the utilitys control center [3237]. The third is the data control centers, which are present at the periphery or premises of the utility. Transactions such as triggers to connect/disconnect a customers Smart Meter could originate from the CIS application, perhaps based upon a change in customer status, or an outage pattern could be detected based upon consistent last-gasp reads from a localized set of meters. This growth over time has resulted in what is referred to as Accidental Architecture where custom code is required to handle all aspects of communications between applications. The smart meters communicate these data to the utility companies for processing, analysis, and billing. The sheer handling of such transaction load may be a significant challenge and will require careful planning and selection of the appropriate communication technologies and MDM vendors. Figure16.1 shows the different components of a usual smart metering solution. Moreover, the integration gap continues to widen over time as custom code is written for each P2P interface. Self-reliance on smart grid ICT and data center infrastructure. Centralize data collection and distribution functions into a single repository to drive business operations and analytic outcomes. Within an AMI, smart meters are used to collect meter data or information on events via a periodic message exchange. Also, standards such as ANSI C12.19-2008 (American national standard for utility industry end device data tables, 2009), IEEE 1377 2012 (IEEE Standard for Utility Industry Metering Communication Protocol Application Layer (End Device Data Tables, 2012), and IEC 61968-9 (IEC, 2008) define and specify the technical requirements for the physical implementation of AMI applications and the IEC 61968-9 (Guangxian and Haitao, 2011) standard provides a more generic platform to cover various aspects of AMI based SG applications (e.g. Such data can also be used to improve customer service, lower cost of operation, increase grid reliability, and improve market operations. Utilize AMI data to extend and expand value to innovative use cases like distributed intelligence and smart city applications.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a system that measures, collects, and analyzes the energy usage, and communicates with the metering devices such as electricity meters, gas meters, heat meters, and water meters, either on request or on a schedule. 1.6. (2011), a smart grid system has two types of information infrastructure; first, the information flows from sensors and electrical appliances to smart meters, which is achieved through Powerline Carrier (PLC) or wireless communications (Radio Frequency), such as ZigBee, 6LowPAN, Z-wave; secondly, it flows between SM and the utilitys data centers, which is achieved via internet-based solution. The utilities all around the world are turning towards AMI as a part of smart grid initiatives. Instead an enterprise data warehouse should be developed that leverages data from the transactional system to do historic reporting, trend analysis, ad-hoc reporting, what-if analytics, better planning, and forecasting. Data continues to be locked in silos and sharing becomes a significant challenge over time. Smart meters are solid-state electronic electricity meters supporting not only the measurement of electricity consumption but also additional smart functionalities as hourly electricity consumption, time-based load control, remote connection and disconnection of delivery site, tamper detection, etc.
Nazmus S. Nafi, Manoj Datta, in Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2016. AMI system data integration with other information and management systems, including the geographic information and outage management systems enable the utilities to create detailed outage maps; this helps the end-users to know about the service restoration progress. Self-reliance on design and production of software and implementation of grid monitoring and control center. With the help of this information available, both independent Energy producers and customers can be benefitted. Those services are later provided based on the arranged HAN. AMI technology made possible time of use pricing, demand response action, remotely we can connect or disconnect the load. The AMR system allows a customer to read meter data wirelessly at the customers own premises. Various functionalities of smart meters include quantitative measurement, communication, control and calibration, power management, synchronization, and display. Currently, Automated meter reading used by the most of the utilities is not having two way communication, it does not meet the requirements of smart grid implementation. Outcomes: Delivering Intelligence that Empowers, Itron Enterprise Edition Meter Data Management, Itron Recognized as a Leader for the Sixth Consecutive Time, 4 million kWh saved and $5 million customer bill credits per summer, Over $9.5 million in annual financial benefits.
In some instances, to narrow down an outage, the last gasp meter data may need to be accessed from the ever-growing transactional database (as shown in Data Volume section) resulting in significant performance bottlenecks in database I/O. Per the previous section, the transaction volume is equal to 1,111 tps. The basic block diagram of AMI is shown in Fig. The wireless communication system helps reduce the cost associated with meter reading and also supports the billing process. As an alternative to P2P architecture, there is a more strategic Smart Grid Architecture that specifically addresses integration and interoperability challenges. Application and data integration requirements have been met through a tactical approach based upon any available technology or middleware offered by the application or system vendor. Time-synchronized stamped data obtained from voltage, current and phase angles plays the most vital function. The MDMS processes incoming raw data to generate useful statistics and provides energy usage information for customers. He also holds a Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Massachusetts. Smart meter: Smart meter is the advanced new generation of meters, which measures real-time consumption of energy, records and storages this measurement at predefined time intervals. Thus, data transfer realizes not only from smart meter to. Hacking may affect thousands of customers.
To be reactive and tactical in responding to problems as they appear. WANs provide continuous communication between the different components of the AMI platform, as data concentrators and the AMI MDC system, employing bidirectional communication channels. The data provides the basis to calculate percent damping for inter area and local area oscillations, sensitivities such as V/P, P; angular difference between bus voltages and transmission loadability. TPC-C is a transaction processing benchmark that can be used to do performance related planning that might be required to manage the transaction load and throughput. Its highly challenging to send the last gasp message within the delay boundary as all of the smart meters are bound to operate without battery power relying on capacitive charge only.
At least 20% of domestic smart meter products must be exported. At the rate of 1,000 - about 90 million transactions may be written in a day. Source: Chris King, MDM Implementation Course, October 2010. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. 25.1). This is equal to over 90 million transactions per day. AMI system is a a platform that supports measurement, collection, and analysis of energy usage and communicates the same with the energy metering device [14].
Phasor data concentrators (PDCs) are used to collect the information. It also has the ability to transfer bidirectional communications of data. AMI allows collection of information and exchange of information among suppliers, utility companies, service providers and customers. We used AMI and MDMS data to determine accurate, hourly load profiles for 5,400 transformers to identify overloading, and then awarded bill credits for our customers who reduced consumption during peak events., We have achieved enrollment of nearly 1 million participants (one of the largest in the country) across all of our demand response programs and have realized a significant reduction in load during our incentive program.. For example, a brand-new AMI head-end may be connected to a 20-year-old legacy billing system. Enable true interoperability and distributed intelligence to deliver business outcomes for utilities and smart cities. High-bandwidth communication is used in WAMS. Making the smart grid work requires different IT systems to talk to one another reliably and efficiently. For the utilities, the deployment of the AMI platform immediately allows them to move from a traditional manual reading process, which is less accurate and can be run only a few times a year because of its cost, to an automated reading process providing the utilities with reliable and accurate consumption data on a daily basis. Thus the PMUs send information in several synchronous reports per second (2550 samples per second) depending on the frequency of the system and the application. AMI consists of three components. The first is the meter data management system (MDMS), which is present inside the utility data and control center. To be proactive and have a strategy for managing Grid Operations & IT transformation through a strategic Smart Grid integration architecture; or. Utilities are therefore able to not only know current daily electricity use in a matter of hours but also to estimate in a much better and accurate way the expected electricity immediate future use from their customers, increasing the overall grid operation efficiency. AMI features and capabilities include a Meter Data Management System, Consumer Awareness systems, Interactive Services for Regulation of Energy Demand, systems to assist with avoidance of Electricity-related fraud and time accurate billing services (Benzi et al., 2011). Smart metering and infrastructure (SMI) [79,80], which is also called advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), provides bidirectional communication for smart grids.
To make extensive use of HAN, customers are usually asked to register for different electricity services offered by the utilities by way of the utilities' portals. 
Efficiently operate the OpenWay solution across all devices and communications technologies. Either way, such a transaction needs to be processed when it occurs. Thus, for a large number of Smart Meters, providing network access within a short period of time is a crucial requirement of an AMR application (Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010). MDC system is the set of software tools and utilities required to gather data from every single smart meter and concentrator to a unique central database, as well as to operate the smart metering infrastructure to keep it up and running, implementing the required utility operational routines and services (either internal or outsourced). MV-WEB is an online tool that provides your commercial and industrial customers secure and reliable access to their load profile data.
Presence among well-known manufacturers and achieving the first position of the region in domestic, competitive industrial products of smart grid equipment, especially smart meters, smart energy management systems (MDMS), building management systems (BMS), and grid monitoring, control and protection systems. Article published part of the September 2010, Sourcing & Contracts Management Specialist. From operations to grid reliability, DTE Energy has seen dramatic advancesincluding a reduction of 4,000 truck rolls per dayafter deploying Itron AMI and MDMS solutions. With these technologies, it covers long distances up to 110 square miles and the data rate is around 101000Kbps [86]. It is common practice to find utilities with basic VEE functionalities incorporated as part of their customer information system (CIS) or as part of the newly deployed MDC system. Smart metering.
For Meter Data Management, there are the inherent challenges of data volume, transaction performance, event handling and database performance as outlined below. Used technologies can also vary from 3G wireless communication channels to broadband PLC, optical fiber, wireless radio, etc. As the deployment and operation of an AMI platform is a winwin exercise for both the utility and its customers, it will lead to improved overall grid operation as well as to much more cost-efficient electricity delivery and use, with its corresponding favorable environmental impact. One important component of HAN is IHD that allows measuring how much power is consumed and displaying real-time energy price to the customers. Currently, Automated meter reading used by the most of the utilities is not having two way communication, it does not meet the requirements of smart grid implementation. MV-90 xi is a proven multi-vendor solution for the collection, management and analysis of interval, register, and event data from complex metering devices. Already mentioned services, as information and alarms for planned outages, information about hourly electricity prices, deployment of HAN infrastructure, etc., will provide customers with a good set of tools to increase the efficiency of their electricity use, accommodating it to the cheapest hours. AMI is an integrated system of smart meters, data management systems and communication networks that enable two-way communication between the utilities and the customers.
Take the example of the popular approach of connecting MDM with CIS in a point-to-point manner.
Meeting the domestic needs of smart meter production by 2025. MV-PBS provides utilities a billing solution flexible enough to handle their most complex energy supply contracts. Thus, data transfer realizes not only from smart meter to meter data management system (MDMS) but also from MDMS to smart meter [82,83]. The deployment of an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is one of the fundamental early steps to be taken in grid modernization, as it represents the direct inclusion of one of the main stakeholders of the electricity grid the consumers. The PDC correlates data and controls and monitors the PMUs. Successfully tackling these challenges will enable organizations to clearly execute on their vision of developing a Real-Time Integration Architecture that will serve as a foundation for all SG & DR programs.
Neighborhood area networks (NANs): Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) is one important component of communication network infrastructure that connected to smart meter in customer domain and some field gateways in distribution domain [87]. The R&D support to develop, create, and supply compatible equipment for successful operation is another challenge. According to the Smart Grid Priority Action Plan 2 (PAP2) report, released by the U.S. NIST, meter density is 100, 800 and 2000 per square kilometer for rural, suburban and urban areas respectively (NIST Priority Action Plan 2 Guidelines for Assessing Wireless Standards for Smart Grid Applications, 2011).
As a result, the motivation for creating a strategic IT architecture, also known as an Enterprise Architecture (EA), has not been compelling to date. 4. Amplify and derivemore value from your investments by uncovering insights to drive critical decisions. According to the vision of the Iran smart grid and its technology development and considering upstream documents, the goals of the Iran smart grid technology development are listed below: Achieving the technology cycle of smart grid equipment manufacturing.
Fig. Fig. Optimizing the database indexes and parallelizing the databases will be a pre-requisite. Modernize the grid, optimize grid performance and reliability, create greater efficiency and deliver cost savings through grid modernization. By 2050 EU envisages to cut the greenhouse gases by 80%95% of the 1990 levels. To exchange information between the end users and the utilities AMI creates a two-way communication network comprised of advanced sensors, smart meters, monitoring systems, computer hardware, software, and data management systems. Managing data from more than 50 million meters across 100+ energy and water companies on six continents. Transaction performance is critical to the success of any system. From: Advances in Smart Grid Power System, 2021, Chris King, James Strapp, in Smart Grid, 2012. An event may also signify a problem, an exception, a predictable error, an impending problem, an opportunity, a threshold, or a deviation from the norm.
Reporting needs have been met traditionally through the use of operational reports taken directly from the transactional systems. A phasor is a three-phase voltage or current quantity and could be also a phase angle.
AMI platforms also constitute a great opportunity for utilities to improve their relationship with their customers, as utilities are capable of invoicing them for their real electricity consumption every single invoicing period, avoiding intermediate estimated invoicing processes. Achieving first position in the Middle East and being among the top five Asian countries in science and paper publications. Home (local) area network (HAN/LAN): Home (local) area network (HAN or LAN) implement to in-home smart devices and appliances such as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), programmable communicating thermostats, in-home displays (IHD) and distributed energy generation facilities [82,83]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Meter reading data can be used for verification applications such as outage extent verification, outage restoration verification, billing applications and event based alarm applications such as meter health status (e.g. MDM system includes a set of software tools and databases, built on top of the MDC system, whose primary functions include the validation, estimation, and editing (VEE) of meter data that are later passed to other utility systems, as billing systems, even in case of disruption of meter data flows. Additionally, once organizations are able to mine volumes of usage, outage data, peak load and other market and operational data that will be collected from Smart Meters and other applications, this information will need to be sourced and consolidated from disparate systems such as meter readings from MDM, operational data from SCADA, customer data from CIS and outage data from OMS. IHD also allows the consumer to customize their power usage profile in order to minimize their electricity bill.
Moreover, SMs are integrated into the BEMS and automatic functions are enabled when peak use approaches critical price thresholds or system constraints (Frderer, Lsch, Nver, Ronczka, & Schmeck, 2019). An event can be considered as any notable condition that happens inside or outside your IT environment or your business.
The dynamic system condition is assessed through the high-resolution data ability.
Padhy, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016. The first is the, Restructuring of Electrical Power Systems, Smart buildings features and key performance indicators: A review, SM another important technological interface connected to the BEMS promotes communication between the smart grid and the buildings.
Tony Giroti is the Chairman & CEO of BRIDGE Energy Group Inc. and has over 23 years of experience in managing information technology products, platforms and applications.
This is primarily due to the fact that up until now, the industry has had minimal real-time integration demands. Smart metering systems are considered as the next-generation power measurement systems, which are a revolutionary version of existing electric grids [13]. There has to be a consistent policy formulation and setting up of regulations in this direction from the various players and mutual cooperation to realize smart grids. 6 shows a detailed architecture for AMI that includes the use of a data collection unit. Wide area network (WAN): Wide area network (WAN) provides communication between smart grid and utility grid, which collects data from multiple NANs and sends it to control center [85]. There are also ventures going on in Germany, Spain, India, China, and other countries. This is equal to 1Mb of data gathering and storage per second. In the [84], authors investigated the relationship between electricity consumers and smart meters and formed a report at the end of 2012 for Romania, which demonstrated that smart meter is user-friendly and profitable for customers, and is important to devote close attention to the customer in terms of acceptability and affordability of the smart meters. 4. Figure1.6.
Both active and passive data has value and can be used strategically. Improve outage response with real-time intelligence, and deliver consistent and reliable energy across your distribution grid. AMI features and capabilities include a, American national standard for utility industry end device data tables, 2009, IEEE Standard for Utility Industry Metering Communication Protocol Application Layer (End Device Data Tables, 2012, NIST Priority Action Plan 2 Guidelines for Assessing Wireless Standards for Smart Grid Applications, 2011, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010, Enhancing smart grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities, Smart meter is the advanced new generation of meters, which measures real-time consumption of energy, records and storages this measurement at predefined time intervals.
In particular, between the energy consumer, meter operator, supplier of energy or utility and meter data management systems (Zivic, Ur-Rehman, & Ruland, 2016). Our managed services will provide you with a lower TCO, the ability to scale instantly, enhanced security, faster implementation and rapid innovation. Non real-time integration requirements via batch-data or passive flow of data can be leveraged appropriately for non real-time decision-making. The plan foresees 15% of the total energy produced to be available in the interconnected grid, so that other members of EU can import wherever and whenever necessary. Deliver operational efficiency while revolutionizing and accelerating business value. There is an International Smart Grid Action network where many nations are participating and sharing their expertise.
About 70% of installed smart meters must be made in Iran until that time. Some are new, others old.
AMI is a complicated communication network and information technology infrastructure, which includes, A survey of smart grid architectures, applications, benefits and standardization, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, To exchange information between the end users and the utilities AMI creates a two-way communication network comprised of advanced sensors, smart meters, monitoring systems, computer hardware, software, and data management systems.
MDC system is also in charge of interfacing with other utility systems, either to provide them with required meter data or as a gateway to the infrastructure to implement on-demand services over the devices. This infrastructure will need to detect events just-in-time. European Union Energy Targets: By 2020 EU desires to reduce greenhouse gases, increase the share of renewable energy component, and increase energy efficiency by 20% compared to the level of 1990. However, for those willing to take the proactive road, success or failure could rely squarely on the approach to solving the core IT challenges. If each transaction is 1,000 bytes (1Kb) then 1Kb x 1111 transactions = 1,111 Kb are required per second. M. Muthamizh Selvam, N.P.
high or low). They are also capable of offering new remote services to their customers, such as immediate remote electricity reconnection of customer sites, information and alarms about planned outages, etc., increasing customer satisfaction and fidelity. Consider an AMI/AMR project that requires collection of data from a million smart-meters at 15-minute intervals. As a result, quick point-to-point interfaces that are non-standard and custom-coded have evolved as the norm, simply to achieve short-term objectives.
In AMI technology a network is formed between the measurement devices and utilities control center. Each phase requires three separate connections, one for each phase. Although it is recognized that deployments of most advanced AMI platforms in the European Nordic countries have been driven by regulatory factors, these deployments provide benefits to all parties involved, including the utilities, consumers, and society in general. According to (Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010) in an event of widespread power outage affected smart meters need to send an alarm to the control center within a few hundred milliseconds. AMR is certainly a helpful instrument in smart grid infrastructure, but AMI has the edge by enabling two-way communication that helps in the availability of real-time information [44]. Achieving technical knowledge and self-reliance on the design and production of hardware and software of energy management systems, BMS, smart homes, and IoT. The AMI head-end software needs to talk to the. These systems include hardware, software, communications, consumer energy displays and controllers, customer associated systems, Meter Data Management (MDM) software, and supplier business systems [32]. Achieving technical knowledge of design and production of local and wide area monitoring, control, and protection systems, distribution automation, and SACADA systems. 
If any of the transactions is a last gasp, then such events will require tracking and action.
A large volume of transactions will also need to be written into the database. AMI is a complicated communication network and information technology infrastructure, which includes meter data management system, revenue management and asset management. Transactional data collected from customer meters can quickly reach staggering proportions that will require significant storage capacity and an information life cycle management approach to managing the data based upon some strategic approach where the value of data or at least that level of granularity, will gradually diminish over time. There are many other IT challenges that that must be addressed as organizations launch SG & DR programs. For the first time the Bonneville Power Administration utilized such a system called WAMS. The entire network needs rapid data transfer within the frequency of sampling of the phasor. Smart Grid and Demand Response initiatives will require real-time integration of applications and systems to enable real-time communication and timely sharing of data to make informed decisions.
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